Function of the skeletal system.

There are 5 main function of the skeletal system. 

1. Shape-  Shape is the key thing in our body, if we didn't have shape we would just be a jelly.

2. Movement- Movement is done by contracting your muscle. Your muscles are around your bone, allowing it to move. 

3. Protection- Our bones protect our vital organs, because our vital organs are very delicate it can't handle the pressure we put on every.

4. Blood production- Red marrow bone is responsible for making red/white blood  cells. They make the red/white blood cell inside the bone.

5. Mineral storage- The bones in our body store special things. Calcium is very important for our bones, because it makes our bones stronger and bigger, also more efficient. 

Structure of the skeletal system.

When your born you start with 350 bones in your body. As you grow up some bones join up and become one, so you'll have less bones. When you turn and adult the bones stop fusing and joining up together, by that time you should roughly have about 206 bones in your body.

1. Long bones- Long bones are found in the arm and legs, they're longer than they are wide, also they have marrow bone inside them.

2. Short bones- They bones are found on the ankles, wrist, fingers and on the feet. They're cube shaped bones. Small, but very strong.

3. Flat bones- These type of bones are very strong, so they can protect the vital organs (brain, heart and lungs).

short term effect on the skeletal system

When your exercising your bones are under significant amount of pressure.

Your bones need calcium to survive that pressure. Calcium makes your bone stronger and bigger, so there will be less stress on your bone when your doing weight-bearing exercises. 

Our bodies produce cells called Osteoblasts, which build new bones and make bones stronger and denser and that lowers the risk of Osteoporosis.

If your bone is weak, then your bones will break with the slightest stress on them, so your bones need calcium.

There will be an increase of bone density (bone strength) due to increase in calcium production, Also stronger connectives tissues (Ligaments and Tendons), so more resistant to injury.

 Skeletal muscles adapt to using more oxygen, the muscles and their capillaries become more efficient and can therefore work for a longer period of time.

If you do a lot of high impact activities, it will encourage new bone formation. weight-bearing exercise such as like strength training and running puts stress through your bones. Your bones response to this stress by creating new bones that are stronger so next time when you do the same exercise your bones will cope with the exercise.

Function of Respiratory System.

The respiratory system makes us breathe. Brings oxygen into our body and takes carbon dioxide out. Our lungs put the oxygen into our blood cell and takes out carbon dioxide from the used blood cell. when your breathing your inter-coastal muscles contract and allows air to come in. Diaphragm and inter-coastal let us breathe, our lungs don't do much work. Our nose and mouth is only way air can get in. Our nose hair, because to clean the air we take in. It stops all the bacteria and molecules that are in the air. Epiglottis is what stops food getting into our Respiratory System. The Epiglottis closes when were eating, so food doesn't go into the Respirator System. We have Bronchi ( one entering each lung). The Bronchi splits up into loads of tubes and those tubes make everything happen, also make the change as well. The Alveoli makes gaseous exchange. The Alveoli have small thin wall. Only two muscles make the breathing happen. Diaphragm is the muscles below the lungs that create a vacuum and the other one is the inter-coastal muscle. The inter-coastal muscle is in the gap between two ribs.

Short term effects on the body on cardiovascular system.

when warming up for a sport the body gets warm.

The heart beats fast and the heart pumps more blood around the body.

Muscles starts to stretch because all the muscles are warm enough and you become more flexible

The veins and arteries ( Blood vessels) start to show on your skin, because they are under high pressure.

They do this at a constant speed until you stop. The cardiovascular system

This process happens really fast. Increased blood pressure- as the cardiovascular system works to deliver more oxygen and glucose to the muscles ( systolic pressure rises and diastolic pressure remains unchanged).

Re-distribution of blood flow( the vasoconstriction, narrowing) of

structure of the Cardiovascular System.

The heart is made up of four hallow chambers.The top two are atria and the bottom two are ventricles.The aria are the reception of the heart and receive the blood. The ventricle are the pumps of the heart which send the blood around the body or to the lungs. The heart is divided into two sides (right and left), each side
having an atrium and ventricle. The sides are divided by a septum.


• Right hand side                                                              

1. When the heart is relaxed, de-oxygenated
blood enters the heart via the venue cavae.

2. Blood enter the right atria.

3. The right atria contracts pushing blood
through the tricuspid valve into the right
ventricle.

4. The ventricle contracts and closes the
tricuspid valve forcing the blood out through
the semilunar valve into the pulmonary
artery to the lungs.

5. The heart relaxes and the semilunar valve
closes to stop back flow.


• Left Hand Side

1. When relaxed oxygenated blood from the
lungs enter via the pulmonary artery.

2. Blood enters the left atria.

3. The left atria contracts pushed blood into
the ventricle visa the bicuspid valve.

4. The left ventricle contracts and closes the
bicuspid valve, pushing the blood through
semilunar valve in the aorta to the rest of
the body.

5. The heart relaxes and the semilunar valve
closes to stop back flow.

function of the cardiovascular system.

There are 5 different blood vessels in your body.

1) Arteries and Arterioles.
Arteries and Arterioles are similar to each other. They both take blood away from the heart under extreme pressure. for the Arteries and Arterioles to survive the pressure they have a thick layer of muscle. They're elastic, because they need to expand to deal with the high pressure. Arterioles are small version of Arteries, Arterioles still have the same structure as Arteries.

2) Capillaries.
Capillaries are so small. They are only one cell thick. In the capillaries the exchange of gasses and waste products takes place. They turn waste into urine. Oxygen  gets off and C02 gets in. They're only one cell thick to allow for an easy exchange.

3) Veins and Venules.
These vessels carry blood back to the heart under low pressure. they're muscle layer is thin, because for them to have large lumin. The large lumin allows blood to flow with as little resistance as possible. They contain valve, because to prevent back flow.

Arteries are away from your heart and veins are to your heart. Arteries take blood away from the heart and the capillaries put oxygen on to it, after the veins take it to the heart to pump it and it starts again.